8 bit characters in subject line:
About 30% of the spam origins in China, Taiwan or other Asian countries these days. If you are sure that you can't read Chinese then you can reject mail which has a lot of 8 bit characters (not ASCII) in the subject. Some MTAs have a separate configuration option for this but you can also use regular expression matching on the header:
/^Subject:.*[^ -~][^ -~][^ -~][^ -~]/
This will reject email which has more than 4 consecutive characters in the subject line which are not in the ASCII range space to tilde. If you are not familiar with regular expressions then learn them, you will need them (See LinuxFocus article 53). Both exim and postfix can be compiled with perl regular expression support (see www.pcre.org). Perl has the most powerful regular expressions.
This method is quite good and keeps out 20-30% of the spam-mail.