mail.domain.com - ssl

You provide too little information.

If you try to use https://mail.domain.com that won't work anyway. Mail is not a real subdomain as it is not intended for web. So if you want to test if an SSL certificate is correct for your e-mail client where you use mail.domain.com then there are other ways to test.
For example check the crt.sh website or check on sites like this one:

Is mail.domain.com your hostname? If yes, I would advise it to something else and not kind of reserved names like mail or www because that often causes issues later on.
 
Can I use SMTP and POP?

I always installed let's encrypt in apache2, so I could send without asking for a certificate.
 
Can I use SMTP and POP?
As said, best is to not use kind of reserved names for your hostname.

Ofcourse you can use smtp and pop and mail etc. as A records. But for your hostname I would suggest something like host.domain.com or server.domain.com or something like that.

I always installed let's encrypt in apache2, so I could send without asking for a certificate.
Sorry, I don't understand what you mean by that. If you mean for your hostname, then I also always create an SSL certificate for my hostname, doesn't matter that this has server.domain.com as name.
So either I don't understand or you should keep working as you did, but then issues can occur.

However, it would be better to just use the default setup. You can also get LE certificates for mail en smtp and pop easily and it's way easier to help if something goes wrong somewhere.
 
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